Domestic Violence and Its Toll on the Mental Health of Nigerian Youths

We live in a world where the mental health of Nigerian youths is increasingly at risk due to the pervasive issue of domestic violence. This alarming trend has an impact on the psychological well-being of young people, causing a ripple effect that touches every aspect of their lives. As we delve into this critical topic, we'll explore the far-reaching consequences of domestic violence and its toll on the mental health of Nigerian youths.

In our examination, we'll first look at the scope of domestic violence in Nigeria, shedding light on its prevalence and forms. We'll then discuss the psychological effects on Nigerian Youth, including anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. We'll also consider the social and economic consequences, exploring how domestic violence affects self-esteem, social skills, and prospects. Finally, we'll explore multi-faceted approaches to address this issue, including rehabilitation programs and psychosocial support, to help young Nigerians overcome trauma and build resilience.

The Scope of Domestic Violence in Nigeria

Domestic violence in Nigeria is a widespread issue that affects countless individuals, particularly women and children. The prevalence of this problem is alarming, with significant variations between urban and rural areas.

Statistics and trends

Recent studies show that domestic violence is on the rise in Nigeria. According to a 2019 survey by the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics, 30% of Nigerian women aged 15-49 have experienced physical violence. Even more concerning, 68% have encountered emotional, economic, or sexual abuse. These figures are likely underreported due to cultural stigmas and fear of retribution.

Urban vs. rural prevalence

There's a stark contrast in the prevalence of domestic violence between urban and rural areas. A study comparing urban and rural communities in southeast Nigeria found that 97% of rural women experienced domestic violence, compared to 81% of urban women. Physical violence was significantly higher among rural women (37.2%) than urban women (23.5%).

Gender dynamics

The social context of violence in Nigeria is largely based on its patriarchal society. Violence against wives is often seen as a tool for husbands to 'improve' their wives. This mindset is more prevalent in rural areas, where 58.5% of women believed domestic violence was excusable, compared to 29.6% in urban areas.

In Nigeria, it's estimated that about one in every three women suffers domestic violence from their partners. This high prevalence highlights the urgent need for intervention and support for victims of domestic violence, especially in rural areas where the problem is more acute.

Psychological Effects on Nigerian Youth

Domestic violence has a profound impact on the mental health of Nigerian youths, causing significant psychological distress. Studies show that children exposed to violence in their homes often develop behavioral changes and face challenges in their academic performance and relationships.

Behavioral changes

Witnessing domestic violence can lead to a range of behavioral issues among Nigerian Youth. Many adolescents who experience violence at home develop emotional and behavioral problems, including delinquency and feelings of insecurity as they grow older. These young people may also be at risk of perpetuating the cycle of violence within their relationships. The psychological trauma resulting from domestic violence can manifest as anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

Academic performance

The impact of domestic violence on academic performance is significant. Children facing maltreatment are at greater risk of learning difficulties, poor academic achievement, and impaired cognitive and language development. A study in Awka South Local Government Area of Anambra State found that domestic violence negatively affects primary school pupils' academic performance. The psychological abuse experienced by these children, including frequent criticism, ridicule, and humiliation, can lead to withdrawal from active class activities and hinder overall academic progress.

Relationship issues

Exposure to domestic violence can have long-lasting effects on Nigerian youths' ability to form healthy relationships. Children who witness violence between their parents often develop similar behavioral and psychological problems as those who are directly abused. These experiences can lead to difficulties in adjusting to normal relationships in adulthood. Some studies suggest that such children may be at increased risk of encountering problematic relationships, marital conflict, and intimate partner violence as either victims or perpetrators.

Social and Economic Consequences

Domestic violence has a profound impact on Nigerian youths, often perpetuating a cycle of violence that spans generations. Children exposed to violence in their homes are at a higher risk of developing long-lasting trauma symptoms, which can affect their own children's lives. This intergenerational transmission of family violence is a significant concern, as it increases the likelihood of these youths becoming either victims or perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) or child abuse and neglect (CAN) in adulthood.

Economic impact

The economic consequences of domestic violence are substantial, both for individuals and society as a whole. A study found that Nigeria lost an estimated 1420 billion Naira (about 1.58% of GDP) in 2014 due to health consequences resulting from violence against children. Additionally, the cumulative loss of earnings due to productivity loss across different types of violence against children amounted to 967 billion Naira, accounting for 1.07% of Nigeria's GDP.

Community effects

Domestic violence not only affects individuals but also has far-reaching consequences for communities. It erodes the social fabric of Nigeria, hindering progress and leaving countless individuals traumatized and suffering. The persistent adherence to patriarchal norms and beliefs significantly contributes to the perpetration of violence against women, with women often being seen as subordinate to men and their opinions and needs disregarded. This societal acceptance of violence perpetuates the cycle, making it challenging to break free from abusive situations and seek help.

Addressing the Issue

The Nigerian government has taken steps to address domestic violence and its impact on the mental health of Nigerian youths. In 2015, the Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act was enacted to eliminate all forms of violence and provide protection for victims. The National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) is responsible for implementing the VAPP Act in the Federal Capital Territory. NAPTIP collaborates with stakeholders and faith-based organizations to investigate cases, apply for protection orders, and offer counseling and rehabilitation services.

NBYF efforts

Non-governmental organizations like NBYF play a crucial role in combating domestic violence and supporting the mental health of Nigerian youths. We focus on prevention mechanisms and offer psychosocial support to victims. NBYF has been working tirelessly to raise awareness, provide direct assistance, and advocate for policy changes to address the root causes of domestic violence and its psychological effects on Nigerian Youths.

NBYF Programs

NBYF opened its Treatment center at Alabata, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, on 25 October 2024. The stage is now set to assist and support Nigerian Youths. The root cause of your problem (like Domestic violence) isn’t as important as solving your problems. The NBYF provides several youth support and rehabilitation programs, such as counseling, psychosocial support, and skill acquisition programs.

These programs aim to create a supportive environment for young Nigerians affected by domestic violence and promote their mental well-being. For now, we’ve established a physical treatment center in Alabata. One down, many more to go. We hope to expand our reach so that every Nigerian Youth has access to the help our foundation offers.

Conclusion

The issue of domestic violence in Nigeria has a significant impact on the mental health of its Youth, shaping their behavior, academic performance, and future relationships. This complex problem calls for a multi-faceted approach involving government initiatives, NGO efforts, and community-based programs to address its root causes and provide support to those affected.

To make a tangible difference in our movement, please support us by donating to NBYF. We work tirelessly to support young victims of domestic violence and promote mental health awareness in Nigeria. Currently, the foundation seeks your support in our ongoing campaign for donations for a van to assist the operations of our treatment center. This will help NBYF render its services to the youths in need. Together, we can build a brighter future for Nigerian Youth.

You can check out our new treatment center in Alabata here.